Position and geography
Cao Bang is a province in the northeastern region of Vietnam, located in the northern part of the country, bordering China to the north and northeast. This province has a strategic location, serving as a bridge between Vietnam and China, with a border stretching over 300 km. In terms of geography, Cao Bang has a predominantly hilly and mountainous terrain, with many high mountain ranges, valleys, and plateaus. It is home to several river systems, including the Bằng Giang River and Lê-nin Stream. The province is also famous for its natural landmarks, such as Ban Gioc Waterfall, Nguom Ngao Cave, and Thang Hen Lake, creating a stunning natural landscape. The distinctive location and topography of Cao Bang make it an attractive destination for tourists who love eco-tourism and exploration.
History
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Cao Bang is a region with a long history closely tied to significant milestones of the Vietnamese people. It has been home to many ethnic minorities for thousands of years creating a rich and diverse cultural heritage.
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In modern history Cao Bang is known as the birthplace of the Vietnamese revolution. In 1941 after 30 years of working abroad President Ho Chi Minh returned to Vietnam through the Pac Bo Cave located in Ha Quang district Cao Bang. Here he led the revolutionary movement built forces and made crucial decisions laying the foundation for the August Revolution of 1945.
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In addition Cao Bang was the site of many important historical events during the wars against the French and the Americans serving as the frontline of Northern Vietnam. Today historical sites such as Pac Bo Lenin stream and Cac Mac mountain are popular destinations attracting numerous visitors from both inside and outside the country.
Topography
The terrain of Cao Bằng province is mainly mountainous, with many limestone mountain ranges, creating a majestic and diverse landscape. To the west and north of the province are high mountain ranges, with peaks over 1,500 meters above sea level. The province also has several valleys, rivers, especially the Bang River, and plains along the rivers. This natural beauty contributes to the picturesque scenery but also presents challenges for economic development.
Climate
The climate in Cao Bang is characterized by a temperate monsoon climate, with two distinct seasons: the rainy season and the dry season.
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Rainy season (from May to October): During this period, Cao Bang experiences heavy rainfall, especially in June, July, and August. The rain is often continuous and intense, promoting the growth of vegetation.
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Dry season (from November to April): The dry season is cold, especially in the late months of the year. Temperatures can drop significantly, especially in high mountain areas, where fog and frost can appear during cold spells.
The average annual temperature in Cao Bang is around 22-23°C, but it can vary depending on the altitude and location of different areas. High regions like Phia Oac and Na Giang have a cold climate year-round.
Economic
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Cao Bằng's economy is anchored in agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, with tourism emerging as a key growth driver. In 2024, the province's GDP reached 19,843 billion VND (862 million USD), and GRDP per capita was 36.88 million VND (1,063 USD). The GRDP grew by 4.54%, driven by a 6.52% rise in the service sector, offsetting a 1.56% decline in industry and construction.
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The economic structure comprises 20.61% agriculture, forestry, and fisheries; 17.36% industry and construction; 58.19% services; and 3.84% from product taxes minus subsidies. Tourism revenue surged 23% to 791 billion VND, with hospitality and travel services increasing 44.6% year-over-year.
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By 2030, Cao Bằng aims to transform into a dynamic, green, and sustainable economy with enhanced infrastructure, thriving tourism, and advanced mineral processing industries, positioning itself among the top-performing provinces in northern Vietnam.
Population
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The population of Cao Bang province in 2024 is 543,050 people. Urban: 123,407 people. Rural: 406,934 people. Urbanization rate (2022): 23.2%
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Ethnic groups in Cao Bang include Tay: 216,577 people (accounting for 40.84% of the population), Nung: 158,114 people (29.81%), Mong: 61,579 people (11.65%), Dao: 54,947 people (10,000 people). 36%), Kinh: 27,170 people (5.12%), San Chay: 7,908 people (1.49%), Lo Lo: 2,861 people (0.54%), other ethnic groups: 1005 people (0.19%).
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Population density: 81 people/km
